⚠ EMERGENCY

My dog just ate something toxic —ASPCA Poison Control: +1 888-426-4435(24/7, $95 fee)

CANINE NUTRITION GUIDE

Can your dog eat that?

Not just yes or no. Toxic dose, symptoms, onset timeline, and exactly what to do — for every food on the list.

⌘K
✕No — ToxicFruits

Grapes

Grapes and raisins are severely toxic to dogs and can cause sudden kidney failure — even a single grape can be fatal in some dogs.

OnsetVomiting typically begins within…
Symptoms10 listed
✕No — ToxicFruits

Raisins

Raisins are dehydrated grapes and carry the same severe kidney toxicity — with the added danger that smaller quantities are needed to cause lethal organ failure.

OnsetVomiting within 6–12 hours…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Chocolate

Chocolate contains theobromine and caffeine, both toxic to dogs — the darker the chocolate, the lower the lethal dose.

OnsetSymptoms appear within 6–12…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicVegetables

Onions

Onions contain organosulfur compounds that destroy red blood cells, causing hemolytic anemia — all forms (raw, cooked, powdered) are toxic.

OnsetSymptoms of hemolytic anemia…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicVegetables

Garlic

Garlic is 5 times more toxic than onions per gram and causes the same red blood cell destruction — even small amounts used in cooking are dangerous.

OnsetHemolytic anemia signs appear…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Xylitol

Xylitol triggers a massive insulin release causing life-threatening hypoglycemia, and at higher doses causes acute liver failure — it's in hundreds of products including sugar-free gum, candy, and peanut butter.

OnsetHypoglycemia signs begin within…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicNuts & Seeds

Macadamia Nuts

Macadamia nuts cause a characteristic syndrome of weakness, fever, and vomiting that can last 24–48 hours — the toxin is unknown but the effect is consistent.

OnsetWithin 12 hours of…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicFruits

Avocado

Avocado contains persin, a fungicidal toxin that causes vomiting, diarrhea, and potentially heart muscle damage — and the pit is a serious choking and obstruction hazard.

OnsetGI symptoms within 24–48…
Symptoms6 listed
✕No — ToxicBeverages

Alcohol

Alcohol affects dogs with the same mechanism as in humans but at far lower doses — a tablespoon of spirits can cause alcohol poisoning in a small dog.

OnsetSigns develop within 30–60…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicBeverages

Caffeine / Coffee

Caffeine is a methylxanthine toxin — the same class as theobromine in chocolate — and causes cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, and death in dogs at moderate doses.

OnsetSigns typically appear within…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicSpices

Onion Powder

Onion powder is approximately 5x more concentrated than fresh onion — a fraction of a teaspoon is enough to cause hemolytic anemia in dogs.

OnsetRed blood cell destruction…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicSpices

Garlic Powder

Garlic powder is concentrated garlic — approximately 6x more potent than fresh garlic per gram — and is present in countless seasoned foods and prepared meals.

Onset3–7 days for hemolytic…
Symptoms6 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Dark Chocolate

Dark chocolate contains 8–16x more theobromine per ounce than milk chocolate, making even small quantities dangerous — one ounce can exceed the toxic threshold for a 10-lb dog.

OnsetSigns appear within 6–12…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Milk Chocolate

Milk chocolate has lower theobromine than dark chocolate but is still toxic — and it's the most commonly ingested type because it's in candy, cookies, and holiday treats.

Onset6–12 hours for initial…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicSpices

Nutmeg

Nutmeg contains myristicin, a compound that causes hallucinations, seizures, and CNS toxicity in dogs — even a small amount can cause serious symptoms.

OnsetSigns develop within 1–6…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicGrains

Raw Yeast Dough

Raw bread dough expands in the warm stomach, causing life-threatening bloat, and the fermenting yeast produces ethanol that causes alcohol poisoning.

OnsetExpansion begins immediately; bloat…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Hops

Hops used in home brewing cause malignant hyperthermia in dogs — a rapid, uncontrolled rise in body temperature that can be fatal without immediate intervention.

OnsetSigns appear within 30–60…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — Toxic (Wild Varieties)Vegetables

Wild Mushrooms

Many wild mushroom species are severely toxic to dogs — Amanita phalloides (death cap) and its relatives can cause fatal liver failure with no outward signs for 24 hours.

OnsetFirst phase: 6–24 hours…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicVegetables

Rhubarb

Rhubarb leaves contain soluble oxalate crystals that cause kidney failure — the stalks are safer but still not recommended for dogs.

OnsetSigns within hours of…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — Toxic (Green Parts)Vegetables

Tomato Leaves & Stems

Tomato leaves, stems, and unripe green tomatoes contain solanine and tomatine — alkaloids that cause GI distress and neurological symptoms; ripe red tomato flesh is safe in small amounts.

OnsetHours after ingestion of…
Symptoms7 listed
!Caution — Seeds OnlyFruits

Apple Seeds

Apple flesh is safe and nutritious for dogs; the seeds contain amygdalin, which releases cyanide when chewed — a handful of seeds could be dangerous, but a few accidentally swallowed seeds are not an emergency.

OnsetRapid — cyanide acts…
Symptoms6 listed
✕No — Pit Is ToxicFruits

Cherry Pits

Cherry pits contain cyanogenic glycosides (like apple seeds, but more concentrated), and the pit is also a choking and intestinal obstruction hazard — the flesh is safe.

OnsetCyanide: minutes…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — Pit Is ToxicFruits

Peach Pits

Peach pits contain amygdalin (a cyanide precursor), are large enough to cause intestinal obstruction, and have sharp edges that can lacerate the digestive tract — the peach flesh is safe.

OnsetObstruction: hours to days…
Symptoms6 listed
!Caution — Risk from MoldNuts & Seeds

Walnuts

Walnuts themselves have mild toxicity for dogs, but moldy walnuts are far more dangerous — they contain tremorgenic mycotoxins that cause severe neurological symptoms.

OnsetMycotoxin symptoms: 30 minutes…
Symptoms7 listed
!Depends — Check for XylitolNuts & Seeds

Peanut Butter

Traditional peanut butter is one of the safest dog treats — but some brands use xylitol as a sweetener, which is violently toxic to dogs. Always read the label.

OnsetXylitol effects: 15–30 minutes…
Symptoms2 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Carrots

Carrots are one of the best dog treats: low-calorie, high-fiber, rich in beta-carotene, and most dogs actively love them — fresh or frozen.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeFruits

Blueberries

Blueberries are a superfood for dogs — packed with antioxidants, vitamin C, and fiber, they're safe in any normal serving size and most dogs love them.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (No Seeds or Rind)Fruits

Watermelon

Watermelon flesh is a hydrating, nutritious summer treat — just remove the seeds and rind first.

OnsetN/A for toxicity…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Cooked OnlyProteins

Eggs

Cooked eggs are a near-perfect dog protein source — rich in amino acids and healthy fats; raw eggs carry Salmonella risk and block biotin absorption.

OnsetBiotin deficiency develops over…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (In Moderation)Fruits

Bananas

Bananas are a healthy, high-potassium treat that most dogs enjoy — but their natural sugar content means moderation is important.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeGrains

Rice

Plain cooked white or brown rice is a veterinary staple for upset stomachs — gentle, easy to digest, and frequently recommended during GI recovery.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Cooked OnlyProteins

Chicken (Plain Cooked)

Plain boiled or baked chicken is one of the best protein sources for dogs — it's the base of most veterinary bland diets and widely used in commercial dog food.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeFruits

Strawberries

Strawberries are a sweet, antioxidant-rich treat that's fully safe for dogs — the natural enzyme in strawberries may even help whiten teeth.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (No Core or Seeds)Fruits

Apples

Apple flesh and skin are a crunchy, fiber-rich treat dogs love — always remove the core and seeds, which contain amygdalin (a cyanide compound).

OnsetN/A for flesh…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe in Small AmountsVegetables

Broccoli

Broccoli is nutritious and safe for dogs, but the florets contain isothiocyanates that can cause GI irritation in larger amounts — keep it to under 10% of daily food intake.

OnsetN/A for toxicity; GI…
Symptoms3 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Cooked)Vegetables

Sweet Potato

Cooked sweet potato is a veterinary-recommended food: high in beta-carotene, fiber, and vitamins, and used in many commercial dog foods and homemade meal plans.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Pumpkin

Plain canned pumpkin is a veterinary-recommended remedy for both diarrhea and constipation in dogs — its soluble fiber normalizes digestion.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Cucumber

Cucumbers are one of the lowest-calorie treats available — 95% water, virtually no fat or sugar, and very appealing to most dogs.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Fresh, In Moderation)Fruits

Pineapple

Fresh pineapple is safe and nutrient-rich for dogs — skip the canned syrup version and go fresh.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (In Moderation, Seeds Removed)Fruits

Guava

Ripe guava flesh is safe for dogs in small amounts — it's rich in vitamin C and fiber, but the seeds, skin, and leaves should be avoided.

OnsetGI upset: within hours…
Symptoms2 listed
✕No — Avoid (Risk Depends on Ingredients)Other

Candy

Candy is not a safe treat for dogs — many varieties contain chocolate or the sugar substitute xylitol, both of which are toxic, and all candy carries risks from sugar and choking hazards.

OnsetXylitol: hypoglycemia signs within…
Symptoms8 listed
!Depends — Lactose ToleranceDairy

Cheese

Most dogs can eat small amounts of low-lactose hard cheeses like cheddar without issue — but lactose-intolerant dogs get significant GI upset, and all dogs should be limited due to high fat and sodium content.

OnsetGI symptoms: within hours…
Symptoms4 listed
!Depends — Most Dogs Are Lactose IntolerantDairy

Milk

A few tablespoons of milk occasionally won't harm most dogs, but many are lactose intolerant and develop diarrhea and GI distress — it's generally not worth the risk.

OnsetWithin hours of consumption…
Symptoms4 listed
!Depends — Check for XylitolDairy

Yogurt

Plain, unsweetened yogurt with live cultures can be beneficial for dogs with digestive issues — but flavored yogurts contain xylitol or massive amounts of sugar, making them dangerous.

OnsetXylitol: 15–30 minutes…
Symptoms2 listed
!Yes — Cooked Only (Not Raw)Proteins

Salmon

Cooked salmon is an excellent omega-3-rich food for dogs — raw Pacific salmon can carry Neorickettsia helminthoeca, which causes "salmon poisoning," a potentially fatal disease in dogs.

OnsetSalmon poisoning symptoms: 6–10…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Cooked, Plain, No ShellProteins

Shrimp

Cooked, plain shrimp without shells, tails, or seasonings is a safe, low-calorie protein snack for dogs — raw shrimp carries bacterial risk.

OnsetBacterial illness: hours to…
Symptoms1 listed
!In Moderation — Mercury RiskProteins

Tuna

Canned tuna is safe for dogs occasionally, but tuna is one of the highest-mercury fish — frequent feeding builds up mercury to toxic levels over time.

OnsetMercury toxicity develops over…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Plain OnlyGrains

Popcorn

Plain air-popped popcorn with no butter, oil, or salt is safe for dogs in small amounts — buttered or flavored popcorn contains fat, salt, and often artificial flavors that are problematic.

OnsetSodium issues: hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Plain OnlyGrains

Bread

Plain white or wheat bread is not toxic to dogs, but it provides almost no nutritional value and often contains garlic, raisins, xylitol, or seeds that make it dangerous — check the ingredients first.

OnsetN/A for plain bread…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Very High Fat and SaltProteins

Bacon

Bacon is not acutely toxic to dogs, but it's extremely high in fat (pancreatitis risk) and sodium — regular feeding or large amounts causes real health problems.

OnsetPancreatitis: 24–48 hours…
Symptoms7 listed
✓Yes — Store-Bought OnlyVegetables

Mushrooms (Store-Bought)

Grocery-store mushrooms (button, portobello, shiitake, oyster) are safe for dogs — wild-foraged mushrooms are a completely different, potentially lethal story.

OnsetN/A…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Kernels Safe, Cob DangerousVegetables

Corn

Plain cooked corn kernels are safe and even nutritious — but the cob is one of the most common causes of life-threatening intestinal obstruction in dogs.

OnsetObstruction: within hours to…
Symptoms1 listed
✕No — ToxicSpices

Chives

Chives are the most potent Allium family member by weight — even small amounts of fresh or dried chives can cause life-threatening hemolytic anemia in dogs.

OnsetHemolytic anemia develops 3–5…
Symptoms6 listed
✕No — ToxicVegetables

Scallions (Green Onions)

Scallions are young onions — fully toxic to dogs. Both the green tops and white bulb contain the same organosulfur compounds that destroy red blood cells.

Onset3–5 days for hemolytic…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicVegetables

Leeks

Leeks are Allium vegetables with the same hemolytic toxicity as onions and garlic — their mild flavor leads owners to underestimate how dangerous they are.

OnsetHemolytic anemia: 3–5 days…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — Severely ToxicOther

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

Ibuprofen is one of the most common causes of accidental dog poisoning — even one adult tablet can cause fatal stomach ulcers and kidney failure in a medium-sized dog.

OnsetGI signs within 2–6…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — Severely ToxicOther

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Acetaminophen causes fatal liver failure and destroys the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity — a single extra-strength tablet can be lethal for a small dog.

OnsetMethemoglobin signs within 1–4…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Aspirin

Aspirin causes severe GI bleeding and kidney damage in dogs — it's one of the most dangerous over-the-counter pain relievers to leave within a dog's reach.

OnsetGI signs within 2–6…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — Toxic in ExcessOther

Salt (Sodium)

Salt causes sodium ion poisoning in dogs — vomiting, seizures, and fatal brain damage can result from large ingestions such as playdough, rock salt, or saltwater.

OnsetSigns develop within 1–2…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Soy Sauce

Soy sauce has one of the highest sodium concentrations of any common food — a few tablespoons can cause sodium ion poisoning, seizures, and brain damage in a small dog.

OnsetSymptoms within 30–120 minutes…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — Toxic (Alcohol Content)Other

Vanilla Extract

Pure vanilla extract is 35% alcohol by volume — a teaspoon contains as much ethanol as a full shot of spirits and can cause alcohol poisoning in small dogs.

OnsetSigns within 30–60 minutes…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — DangerousProteins

Cooked Bones

Cooked bones of any kind splinter into razor-sharp shards that can puncture the mouth, throat, stomach, or intestines — causing internal bleeding that requires emergency surgery.

OnsetImmediately for mouth/throat injuries…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — ToxicDairy

Blue Cheese (Roquefort)

Blue-veined cheeses contain Roquefortine C, a mycotoxin produced by the Penicillium mold — even small amounts can cause severe tremors, seizures, and hyperthermia in dogs.

OnsetWithin 30 minutes to…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicNuts & Seeds

Pecans

Pecans contain juglone (a phenolic toxin) and are highly susceptible to aflatoxin-producing mold — both cause serious liver and neurological damage in dogs.

OnsetGI symptoms within hours…
Symptoms7 listed
✕No — ToxicFruits

Star Fruit (Carambola)

Star fruit contains soluble oxalates and an unidentified neurotoxin that causes acute kidney failure in dogs — even a small amount can be fatal in dogs with any kidney compromise.

OnsetSymptoms begin within 30–60…
Symptoms8 listed
✕No — LethalOther

Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol)

Antifreeze's sweet taste makes it dangerously appealing to dogs — a teaspoon is enough to kill a small dog, and symptoms appear hours after the damage is already done.

OnsetInitial symptoms: 30 minutes…
Symptoms3 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Mustard

Mustard seeds and prepared mustard contain glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that irritate the GI tract and can cause inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and potentially the liver.

OnsetSigns within 30 minutes…
Symptoms6 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Peas

Green peas, snow peas, and sugar snap peas are safe for dogs and make excellent low-calorie training treats — just avoid canned peas with added salt.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Green Beans

Green beans are one of the best low-calorie, high-fiber snacks for dogs — often recommended for overweight dogs as a calorie-neutral food extender.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Zucchini

Zucchini is one of the most dog-friendly vegetables — low calorie, high water content, and dogs often enjoy the crunchy texture raw.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Celery

Celery is safe, hydrating, and practically calorie-free — many dogs enjoy the crunch, and chewing celery has a mild mechanical toothbrushing effect.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Bell Peppers

Bell peppers — red, yellow, green, or orange — are safe for dogs and are exceptionally high in vitamin C and beta-carotene, especially the red variety.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (in Moderation)Fruits

Raspberries

Raspberries are safe for dogs and rich in antioxidants and fiber — though they contain trace natural xylitol, so very large amounts (multiple cups) should be avoided.

OnsetN/A at normal serving…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeFruits

Blackberries

Blackberries are safe for dogs — high in fiber, antioxidants, and vitamin C, with lower sugar than most fruits and a flavor many dogs enjoy.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Remove Pit)Fruits

Mango

Mango flesh is safe and nutritious for dogs — but the pit contains amygdalin (a cyanide precursor) and is a serious choking and obstruction hazard.

OnsetCyanide: minutes…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeFruits

Kiwi

Kiwi is safe for dogs and exceptionally high in vitamin C, vitamin K, and potassium — the flesh and even the skin are non-toxic.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Remove Seeds)Fruits

Papaya

Papaya flesh is safe and contains papain — a natural enzyme that aids protein digestion — but the seeds contain trace amounts of cyanide compounds and should always be removed.

OnsetN/A for flesh —…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Remove Rind)Fruits

Cantaloupe

Cantaloupe flesh is safe, hydrating, and rich in beta-carotene and vitamin C — excellent for dogs in hot weather. Remove the rind and seeds before serving.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeProteins

Beef (Plain, Cooked)

Plain cooked beef is an excellent protein source for dogs — high in essential amino acids, B vitamins, and zinc. It's the basis for many commercial dog foods.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeProteins

Lamb (Plain, Cooked)

Cooked plain lamb is a nutritious, high-quality protein for dogs — particularly useful as a novel protein for dogs with chicken or beef allergies.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Plain OnlyProteins

Turkey (Plain, Cooked)

Plain cooked turkey is safe and lean — but holiday turkey with garlic, onion stuffing, butter, and skin is not. The skin and bones are the main hazards.

OnsetVariable by cause…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeProteins

Sardines

Sardines are one of the best fish for dogs — rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and calcium, with low mercury levels because of their short lifespan.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Plain Only)Grains

Oatmeal

Plain cooked oatmeal is safe for dogs and provides soluble fiber that supports digestive health — but instant oatmeal with flavors, sugar, or artificial sweeteners is not.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Unseasoned)Proteins

Bone Broth

Plain unseasoned bone broth is excellent for dogs — highly palatable, hydrating, and rich in gelatin and collagen that may support joint health.

OnsetN/A for plain broth…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Small Amounts)Dairy

Cottage Cheese

Cottage cheese is one of the better dairy options for dogs — lower in lactose than most cheeses, high in protein, and easy to digest for most dogs.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Cooked Only)Vegetables

Lentils

Cooked lentils are a nutritious, plant-based protein source safe for dogs — high in fiber, iron, and folate. Raw lentils contain lectins that can cause GI upset.

OnsetN/A for cooked lentils…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeGrains

Quinoa

Cooked quinoa is safe for dogs and uniquely nutritious — it's a complete plant protein containing all essential amino acids, which is rare in non-animal sources.

OnsetN/A for cooked, rinsed…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Flesh OnlyFruits

Oranges

Orange flesh is safe for dogs in small amounts — high in vitamin C and fiber. The peel, seeds, and pith contain essential oils and compounds that can cause GI upset.

OnsetWithin 1–2 hours if…
Symptoms1 listed
✕No — ToxicFruits

Lemons

Lemons contain psoralen compounds and essential oils that are toxic to dogs — and the extreme acidity causes GI upset even in small amounts.

OnsetWithin 30–60 minutes of…
Symptoms5 listed
✕No — ToxicFruits

Grapefruit

Grapefruit contains furanocoumarins and essential oils that are toxic to dogs — both the flesh and peel should be avoided.

OnsetGI signs within 1–2…
Symptoms6 listed
!Yes — Flesh Only, No CoreFruits

Pears

Pear flesh is safe and nutritious for dogs; the core and seeds contain amygdalin, which releases cyanide when chewed. Always remove the core before serving.

OnsetN/A for flesh…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Small Amounts OnlyFruits

Coconut

Fresh coconut flesh is safe for dogs in small amounts, but high in saturated fat that can trigger pancreatitis. Coconut water is safe; coconut oil has mixed evidence.

Onset12–24 hours if pancreatitis…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — OxalatesVegetables

Spinach

Spinach is technically safe in very small amounts but contains oxalic acid that can interfere with calcium absorption and stress the kidneys with repeated feeding.

OnsetChronic issue, not acute…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Occasional OnlyVegetables

Kale

Kale is nutrient-dense but contains thallium, oxalates, and isothiocyanates — fine for an occasional bite, but large regular servings can cause thyroid issues and kidney stress.

OnsetAcute GI: hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Cooked PreferredVegetables

Asparagus

Asparagus is safe for dogs but raw stalks are very tough and often rejected — lightly cooked asparagus is easier to chew and digest, and makes a nutritious treat.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Small AmountsVegetables

Cauliflower

Cauliflower is safe for dogs in small portions but produces significant gas due to its raffinose content — too much can cause uncomfortable bloating.

OnsetGas: 2–8 hours after…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Occasionally OnlyVegetables

Beets

Plain cooked beets are safe for dogs in small amounts but are high in oxalates — frequent feeding can contribute to kidney stones, and the red pigment will stain urine and stools.

OnsetPigment in urine: within…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Not Toxic, But IrritatingSpices

Cinnamon

Cinnamon is not acutely toxic to dogs but can cause mouth and GI irritation, and inhaling cinnamon powder can cause serious respiratory distress. Small amounts in baked goods are unlikely to harm.

OnsetIrritation: immediate…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Small AmountsSpices

Ginger

Fresh or ground ginger is safe for dogs in small amounts and can help with nausea and motion sickness — but large doses cause GI upset.

OnsetGI symptoms within 1–2…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Small AmountsSpices

Turmeric

Turmeric's active compound curcumin has documented anti-inflammatory properties — small amounts are safe for dogs and may benefit joints. Large doses cause GI upset.

OnsetGI: hours after large…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Small Amounts OnlyOther

Honey

Raw honey is not toxic to dogs in small amounts and has antimicrobial properties — but its high sugar content makes it unsuitable for regular use, and it should never be given to puppies under 1 year.

OnsetGI upset: hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Small AmountsOther

Olive Oil

Extra-virgin olive oil is safe for dogs in small amounts and may benefit coat and skin health — but it's pure fat, and too much causes diarrhea or pancreatitis.

OnsetGI: within hours of…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Small Amounts OnlyOther

Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is safe for dogs in small amounts but is high in saturated fat — the claimed benefits are often exaggerated, and excess can trigger pancreatitis.

OnsetGI: within hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Plain and Lean OnlyProteins

Pork (Plain, Cooked)

Plain cooked pork is safe for dogs, but it's high in fat (pancreatitis risk), common preparations include harmful seasonings, and raw pork carries trichinella parasite risk.

OnsetPancreatitis: 12–24 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!No — Not RecommendedOther

Ketchup

Most ketchup contains garlic and onion powder — both toxic to dogs. Even brands without alliums contain high sugar and salt that offer no benefit.

OnsetCumulative over days to…
Symptoms1 listed
!Not Recommended — High FatOther

Mayonnaise

Plain mayonnaise is not acutely toxic but is nearly pure fat — it causes GI upset and pancreatitis risk without offering any nutritional benefit to dogs.

OnsetGI: within hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Not RecommendedNuts & Seeds

Almonds

Almonds are not acutely toxic to dogs like macadamia nuts, but they're difficult to digest, can cause pancreatitis from fat content, and pose an obstruction risk in small dogs.

OnsetGI: 2–24 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Occasionally OnlyNuts & Seeds

Cashews

Plain unsalted cashews are not toxic to dogs and can be given occasionally, but their high fat content risks pancreatitis and the high calories mean moderation is essential.

OnsetGI: 2–24 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Not RecommendedNuts & Seeds

Pistachios

Pistachios are not acutely toxic but are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing mold (like pecans), difficult to digest, and pistachio shells are a choking and obstruction hazard.

OnsetAflatoxin liver effects: 24–72…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Shelled, Unsalted OnlyNuts & Seeds

Sunflower Seeds

Plain unsalted shelled sunflower seeds are safe for dogs in small amounts — high in vitamin E and linoleic acid. The shells are a choking hazard and the salt on salted seeds is problematic.

OnsetN/A for plain shelled…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeNuts & Seeds

Chia Seeds

Chia seeds are safe for dogs and provide omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and protein in a plant-based package — but they must be soaked first to prevent GI expansion.

OnsetN/A when soaked appropriately…
Symptoms1 listed
✕No — Not SafeDairy

Ice Cream

Ice cream is problematic for dogs on multiple fronts: lactose causes GI upset, high sugar spikes blood glucose, chocolate and xylitol versions are acutely toxic, and it creates unhealthy feeding habits.

OnsetLactose GI: 2–8 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Not Recommended — High FatDairy

Butter

Butter is not acutely toxic but is nearly pure saturated fat — even small amounts can cause GI upset, and regular exposure is a significant pancreatitis risk.

Onset12–24 hours for pancreatitis…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Plain OnlyGrains

Pasta

Plain cooked pasta is safe for dogs — it provides carbohydrates and some B vitamins. The concern is always what's on the pasta: sauces with garlic, onion, and salt are the hazard.

OnsetN/A for plain pasta…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Small Amounts OnlyProteins

Liver

Liver is nutritionally exceptional and often used as high-value training treats — but it's extremely rich in vitamin A, and regular large amounts cause vitamin A toxicity.

OnsetAcute GI: hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Pathogen RiskProteins

Raw Meat

Raw meat diets are controversial: some dogs thrive on them, but raw meat consistently carries Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and parasite risks — for the dog and for the humans handling it.

OnsetSalmonella: 6–72 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Not Recommended — Processed MeatProteins

Hot Dogs

Hot dogs are high in sodium, preservatives, and fat — not acutely toxic in a small piece but far from a healthy treat. They're a useful training treat only in tiny quantities.

OnsetN/A for pea-sized training…
Symptoms1 listed
✕No — Often Contains Toxic IngredientsGrains

Granola

Granola is not a safe dog treat — it typically contains raisins, xylitol (in sugar-free versions), macadamia nuts, or chocolate chips, any of which are severely toxic.

OnsetRaisins: 6–72 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Plain, OccasionallyProteins

Tofu

Plain tofu is not toxic to dogs and provides protein, but its high soy content means it's not suitable for dogs with hypothyroidism or soy allergies.

OnsetGI: hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Cooked OnlyVegetables

Beans (Cooked)

Cooked plain beans are safe for dogs in small amounts — but raw or undercooked kidney beans contain phytohaemagglutinin, a lectin that causes severe food poisoning.

OnsetRaw kidney beans: 1–3…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Fresh or Frozen OnlyFruits

Cranberries

Fresh or frozen cranberries are safe for dogs in small amounts and may support urinary tract health — but dried cranberries, cranberry sauce, and juice are problematic.

OnsetN/A for fresh berries…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — GI IrritantFruits

Pomegranate

Pomegranate is not acutely toxic but the skin, rind, and seeds contain tannins and ellagic acid that cause GI upset in dogs — the seeds specifically are difficult to digest.

OnsetWithin 1–2 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Very High SugarFruits

Dates

Fresh dates without pits are not acutely toxic but are extremely high in natural sugar — a single date contains 16g of sugar, making them inappropriate for regular feeding.

OnsetN/A for one occasional…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Can Irritate GIFruits

Figs

Fresh figs contain ficin and ficusin — enzymes in the skin and white sap that can cause skin and GI irritation. The flesh is safer but still causes loose stools in large amounts.

OnsetWithin 1–2 hours…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Remove PitFruits

Plums

Plum flesh is safe for dogs in small amounts, but the pit contains amygdalin (cyanide precursor), the sharp stem can cause injury, and the pit is an obstruction risk.

OnsetCyanide: minutes…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Flesh Only, No PitFruits

Peaches (Flesh)

Ripe peach flesh is safe and nutritious for dogs — vitamins A and C, fiber, and natural sweetness. The pit is toxic (cyanide) and an obstruction hazard.

OnsetN/A for flesh…
Symptoms1 listed
!Depends — Unsweetened OnlyDairy

Almond Milk

Plain unsweetened almond milk is safe for dogs in small amounts — lactose-free, with trace almond content. Sweetened versions and those with xylitol are not safe.

OnsetXylitol: 15–30 minutes…
Symptoms1 listed
!Caution — Check IngredientsOther

Baby Food

Some baby foods are safe for dogs and used to encourage eating in sick animals — but many contain onion powder or garlic powder, which are toxic. Always read the label.

OnsetHemolytic anemia: 3–5 days…
Symptoms1 listed
✕No — ToxicOther

Baking Soda & Baking Powder

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) causes electrolyte disturbances, muscle spasms, and heart arrhythmia. Baking powder adds additional toxicity from aluminum and acid compounds.

OnsetWithin 30 minutes to…
Symptoms8 listed
✓Yes — Ground or CookedNuts & Seeds

Flaxseeds

Ground flaxseeds are safe for dogs and an excellent plant-based source of omega-3 ALA fatty acids — whole seeds pass through undigested, so always use ground flax.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeNuts & Seeds

Hemp Seeds

Hemp seeds (hulled) are safe for dogs and provide an excellent balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, along with complete protein and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
!Not Recommended — IrritantSpices

Black Pepper

Black pepper is not acutely toxic to dogs, but even small amounts irritate the mucous membranes, cause sneezing, and can cause GI upset. There is no benefit for dogs.

OnsetImmediate irritation from inhalation;…
Symptoms1 listed
✕No — Causes Severe IrritationSpices

Cayenne Pepper

Cayenne pepper and hot chili peppers contain capsaicin, which causes severe pain, burning, and GI inflammation in dogs — they cannot build tolerance the way humans do.

OnsetImmediate oral/facial symptoms…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Lettuce

All common lettuce varieties — romaine, iceberg, butter, arugula, green leaf — are safe for dogs and make excellent very-low-calorie crunchy treats.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — SafeVegetables

Parsnips

Parsnips are safe for dogs — a good source of vitamin C, folate, and dietary fiber with a mildly sweet flavor many dogs enjoy.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Safe (Lean, Plain)Proteins

Duck (Plain, Cooked)

Plain cooked duck breast is safe and nutritious for dogs — a novel protein useful for food allergy management, though duck skin is very fatty and can trigger pancreatitis.

OnsetN/A for plain lean…
Symptoms1 listed
!Yes — Plain, Cooked, No ShellProteins

Crab (Plain, Cooked)

Plain cooked crab meat is safe for dogs and a good protein source — but crab shells are sharp and dangerous, and imitation crab contains additives and high sodium.

OnsetShell injuries: immediate to…
Symptoms1 listed
✓Yes — Cooked PlainGrains

Barley

Cooked pearl barley is safe for dogs and provides excellent beta-glucan fiber that supports healthy gut bacteria and steady blood sugar levels.

OnsetN/A — not toxic…
Symptoms1 listed

BROWSE BY CATEGORY

Explore by food group.

EMERGENCY RESOURCES

My dog just ate something. What do I do?

Do not wait for symptoms. Kidney damage, liver failure, and cardiac effects often develop hours after ingestion — before any outward signs appear. Call immediately.

ASPCA charges a $95 consultation fee. Both lines are available 24/7.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions.

How do I find out if a specific food is safe for dogs?

Use the search bar above or browse by category to find the food in question. Each entry gives a clear verdict (safe, toxic, or depends) along with the toxic dose, symptoms, onset timeline, and what to do next.

What foods are most commonly toxic to dogs?

Grapes and raisins, chocolate, onions and garlic, xylitol (found in sugar-free gum and candy), macadamia nuts, and alcohol are among the most common and dangerous foods dogs get into. Even small amounts of grapes or xylitol can be life-threatening.

What fruit can't a dog eat?

Grapes and raisins are the most dangerous — they can cause sudden kidney failure even in small amounts, with no known safe dose. The pits and seeds of fruits like cherries, peaches, and apples also pose a risk due to cyanide compounds and choking/obstruction hazards, even though the flesh of those fruits is fine.

My dog just ate something toxic — what should I do?

Do not wait for symptoms to appear. Call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at +1 888-426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at +1 855-764-7661 immediately, and have the food, quantity eaten, and your dog's weight ready.

Is "safe" the same for every dog?

No. Size, breed, age, and existing health conditions all affect how a dog reacts to a given food. "Safe" on this site means safe in moderation for most healthy adult dogs — always account for your own dog's specific situation, and ask your vet if you're unsure.

How often is WhatCanDogsEat updated?

The food database is reviewed and expanded regularly. WhatCanDogsEat currently covers more than 130 foods, plants, and household items across fruits, vegetables, proteins, dairy, grains, spices, and beverages.

ABOUT THIS TOOL

Can dogs eat that? A depth-first answer for every food.

"Can dogs eat that?" is one of the most common questions dog owners ask, usually right after their dog has already eaten the thing in question. WhatCanDogsEat was built to answer it properly — not with a one-word yes or no, but with the detail that actually matters in the moment: whether the food is safe, how much is dangerous, what symptoms to watch for, how quickly they appear, and exactly what to do next.

Dog owners most often search for fruit and produce questions first. Can dogs eat strawberries? Yes, in moderation — they're low in calories and high in fiber and vitamin C. The same goes forcan dogs eat bananas and can dogs eat apples (seeds and core removed), can dogs eat pineapple, and can dogs eat guava — all generally safe fresh, in small amounts. But a few fruit questions have the opposite answer and carry real emergency risk: can dogs eat grapes is a hard no, since grapes and raisins can cause sudden kidney failure in dogs even in small quantities, with no known safe dose. Can dogs eat lemon is also a no — citrus oils and acid cause GI upset and, in concentrated form, more serious reactions.

Beyond fruit, the questions that come up most are about everyday kitchen and pantry items. Can dogs eat chocolate? No — chocolate contains theobromine and caffeine, both of which dogs metabolize far more slowly than humans, and dark chocolate is especially dangerous in small dogs. Can dogs eat candy is a related question with a nuanced answer: it depends on the ingredients, since many candies contain either chocolate or xylitol, a sugar substitute that triggers a dangerous insulin spike in dogs within as little as 30 minutes. Onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, xylitol, and alcohol round out the small list of foods that consistently show up as genuine emergencies rather than mild upset-stomach cases.

Every entry on this site follows the same structure, whichever food brought you here. Each page opens with a one-line verdict you can scan instantly, followed by the reasoning behind it — the specific compound or mechanism that makes a food dangerous (or confirms it's fine), the toxic dose where one has been established, a list of symptoms in the order they typically appear, an onset timeline so you know whether you're watching for signs in the next hour or the next three days, and a clear next step: monitor at home, call your vet, or call Animal Poison Control immediately.

That structure matters because "toxic" and "safe" aren't the only two useful categories. A lot of real answers fall into "depends" — on quantity, on preparation, on your dog's size and health history. Cheese, peanut butter, bread, and popcorn are common examples: fine in small amounts for most dogs, but capable of causing problems if a dog gets into a large quantity, or if the specific product contains xylitol, excessive salt, or added seasoning like garlic or onion powder.

WhatCanDogsEat currently covers more than 130 foods, plants, and household items across fruits, vegetables, proteins, dairy, grains, spices, and beverages, and the list keeps growing. Use the search bar or the category filters above to find a specific food, or browse the full index if you're not sure where to start. And if your dog has already eaten something and you're not sure whether to wait it out or call for help, don't guess — the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) and the Pet Poison Helpline (855-764-7661) are staffed 24/7 specifically for calls like this.